Forging-press.



M. G. WHITE & o. c; DURYEA. FORGING PRESS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.7, 1910. BENEWED NOV. 4, 1912.

1,063,632 'v l Patented June3,1913.

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-UUINHH Z5 M. C. WHITE 50. C. DURYEA.

FORGING PRESS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.7, 1910. RBNEWED NOV. 4, 1912.

1,063,682. Patented June 3, A191.3.k

` 6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

M. G. WHITE & 0. G. DURYEA.

FORGING PRESS. APPLloATIoN FILED mlm, 1910. RENBWBD Nov. 4, 1912.

Patented June 3, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

M. G. WHITE L 0. G. DURYEA.

FORGING PRESS.

' APPLIo-TLON FILED mlm, 1910. RBNEWED Nov. 4, 1912. 1,063,632.

Patented June 3, 1913.

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FORGING PRESS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 4, 1912. 1,063,632. Patented June 3, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

C1, ufyecb,

M. C. WHITE & 0. C. D'URYBA.

FORGING PRESS.

APPLICATION FILED 11111.?, 1910. RBNEWED Nov.4,1912.

1,063,632'. Patented June 3,1913.

s 1%@ l- W@ u@ Us n s Q 5` #"1 1 f f 1) 1 EN S Bis MORRIS C. WHITE AND OTHO C. DURYEA,.0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

noname-PRESS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 3, 1913.

Application led January 7, 1910, Serial No. 536,947. Renewed November 4, 1912. Serial No. 729,471. i

.more especially, in the forging lof metals.

, The lmachine as illustrated possesses the following characteristics: The forging too-l,V

or hammer, rises and descends over a stationary anvil and is directly 'connected with a piston in g, hydraulic cylinder. A continuously-rotating electric motor operates a rotary liquid pump and an air-compressor. An internal combustion cylinder contains a movable piston operating directly against a column-of liquid, which may be a suitable oil, forming'the power-transmitting medium between the said piston a-ndthat in the hydraulic cylinder; The pump operates to maintain the oil column and supplies oil under pressure, which, by the manipulation ofa manually-operated valve, may be caused to enter the hydraulic cylinder below the piston .,to. raise the forging hammer, or dii rectedinto the said cylinder above t-he piston to lower the hammer against the work in advance of an explosion in the'internal combustion cylinder. By means of a manually-operated lever t-he explosive mixture is ydirected from the compressor into the internal combustion cylinder and' exploded against the movable pistony therein, the Vforce ofthe explosion being communicated to the forging-hammer piston through the oil-col-l umn. The distance of movement of theoperating-liandle regulates the degree of compression of the explosive mixture at the time .of an explosion, thereby regulating the force of the explosion and therefore the pressure of the 'hammer against the work in each instance.

The construction illustrated in the accornpanying drawings, and hereinafter described, may be variously modified in the matter of details and combinations of parts Without departing from the spirit of our invention as defined in the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings Figure 1 is a partly sectional side elevation of our inter- Fig. 6, a section taken on line 6 in Fig. 5

-end thereof is a piston 28.

nal'combustion forging-press; F ig; 2, an envl larged broken View lof interlocking o erating levers; Fig. 3, a section taken on ine 3 in Fig. 2; Fig. 4, an enlarged broken partly sectional view of the power-generatin portion of the machine; Fig. 5, an eniirged sect-ion, taken on line 5 in Fig. 1, the construction of the valve-mechanism for raising and lowering the hammer-piston;

on a somewhatl reduced scale; Figs. 7, 8 and 9 plan-sections taken on lines 7, 8 and 9,.

respectively, in Fig. 5; and Fig. 10, a broken section on irregular line 10, 10 in Fig. et.

In Figs. 1 and 1, 11 is the Casin of an electric'motor, the armature shaft o which carries a `centrifugal pump in the casing 12.

In the casingr 13 the armature shaft is' shaped into a double-crank to operate pis,- tons in" the compressor-cylinders 14. 15

(Fig. l0) is an internal combustion lcylinder,'containing a piston 16, and a stem 17 working through a stufng-box 18.- Tlie piston 16, shown, is chambered and the stem 17, which enters said chamber through a contracted opening in the piston wall, has an enlarged end which prevents separation of the piston and stem. The piston may move vupon the stem a distance llimited by the depth of its chambered portion. Extending from the stuffing-box 18 is a pipe or cylinder'19 entering the top of a vertical cylinder 20. The stem 17 forms an oil-displacing plunger in the pipe or cylinder 19.

21 is an oil-reservoir communicating through a :pipe 22 with the pump-chamber 12. 24 is a stationary anvil, and 25 a forgingham mer, or work-performing member, on a stem 26. The stein 26 passes through a relatively stationary and suitably packed guide-ring showing 2,7l in the cylinder 20,- and lixed to the upper ing through a pipe 'with the vpump-cham ber 12; and in the opposite side of the shell is an outlet port 36 communicatingV through a pipe 37 with the oil-chainber or reservoir Surrounding 21. Communicatingzit"opposite ends with the pipes 35, 37, respectively, is a pipe or by-pass 38 fitted with a one-way plug-valve 39, the stem of which carries a pinion 40. The ports or passages 32, 33 communicate respectively with lower and upper chambers 41 and 42 in the valve-shell 31. Between said chambers is a chamber 43 communicating with the outlet-port 36; above the chamber 42 is a chamber 44 communieating with the inlet-port 34 and below the chamber 41 is a chamber 45 also communicating with the inlet-port 34. Entendmg centrally through the valve-shell 31 is a stem 46. Fixed to the stem 46 in the chamber 43 is a collar 47 and below the shell the stem carries a stop 48. On the stem are the relatively-yielding valves 49, 50, 51 and52,

` 41' and 4a and 41 and 45.

which, when the stem 46 is in normal position, close, respectively, communication between the chambers 42 and 44, 42 and 43,

Upward move- 'l ment of the stem 46 from the normal posi- ,tion causes the stops 47, 48 to Vsimultaneously' open the valves 50, 52, and downward' movement of the `stem from normal4 position causes'aA stop 53, at its upper end, to

the valve 51. "It will be understood thatwhile the stem 46 is'in normal position the confined springs 54, 54 Vshown hold all the valves seated, and when vthe stem is raised the shoulder 455 on the sleeve of the v .valve 50 locks the valve 49 closed.' 56 is an 1 :is

operating handle or lever fulcrumed between its endsat 57 and pivotally connected by meansof a link 58 with the lower end 'of the stem 46. The lever 56 passes through a quadrant 59 and is equipped with a handle-grip 60 and catch 61, actuated thereby, to release a notch in the quadrant to permit the handle to be swung, to raise or lower the stem 46 from the normal position described. Fixedto the s/tem 46 is an arm or bracket 62 on the end of which is mounted a rack-bar 63 engaging the pinion 40. The parts are. so constructed and arranged that when the lever 56 and stem 46 are held, by the catch 61, in normal position, the plugvalve 39 opens the by-pass 38 around the valve-.casing 31; but when the stem 46 is either raised or lowered to open valves in the valve-shell 31, the valve 39 is turned to close the said by-pass. As before stated,

the motor and pump work constantly, and when the lever or operating handle 56 1s in normal position, and the by-pass 38 therefore open, the pump circulates oil from the pump-chamber through the pipe 35, by-pass 38, pipe 37, reservoir 21 and pipe 22. To raise the forging-hammer from the position shown in Figs. 1 and-6, the operating handle 56 is released from the quadrant notch and lowered to open the valves 52, 50, at the same time closing the by-pass 38. This causes oil vpassage 65.

from the pump-chamber 12 to be forced saine, the piston 28, the stem 26 and the hammer 25. Oil above the piston 28 is forced outward through the port 33, valve 50 and pipe 37 to the reservoir 21. When the ha'mmer is raised to the desired extent the operating handle 56 is again moved to normal posit-ion. To lower the hammer against the work on the anvil the operating handle 56 is raised to open the Valves 49, 51, when oil will be forced through the port 33 and withdrawn through the port 32. When the hammer has been lowered to the desired position, the operating handle 56 should be moved to normal position again to open the by-pass.

'lhe internal combustion power mechanism herein shown is Very similar to that illustrated in reissue Letters Patent No. 12,957, granted tous May 18, 1909. The induction ports of the compressor 14 communicate with a chamber or `passage 64 (Fig. 10) andthe eduction ports of the compressor communicates with a chamber or In the chamber 64 is an airinlet o-rt 66 fitted with a valve 67 which may he opened or closed'byl means of a thumb-nut 68 or otherwise, b the operator, when desired. Also in the ciamber'f64-is a port 69 communicating at 70 with a suitable carbureter, not shown. The port 69 is fitted lwith a valve 71 cna stem 72` The chamber communicates through a check-valve -73 with the chamber of the internal combustion cylinder. communicates through a valve device 74 with a reservoir 75 which in turn communicates wit-h the interior of the cylinder 15 at 76. In vthe valve-device'74 is a pressureregulating valve 7 7, the stem of which car- Vries the valve 78 and is connected with a flexible diaphragm 79. The diaphragm is held normally in position of opening the valve 78 by a spring 80 tensioned by means of a screw-plug 81. The object of the reservoir 75 is to provide air-pressure for returning the piston 16 to initial position and the spring 8O may be tensioned to regulate the minimum pressure to be maintained in the tank 75. It may be stated here that before starting forging operations, and after the motor has been started, the valve 67 may be opened to cause the compressors to pump the desired amount of air-pressure into the cylinder 75, after which the valve 67 may be closed. As the intake-valve 71 from the carbureter is normally closed, the compressor pistons will draw against a vacuum and do no compressing except when the carbureter valve 71 is opened, as hereinafter explained. On the side of the internal combustion cylinder' 15 is a box or casing 82 containing a piston chamber 83, in open The eduction chamber 65 alsoneeaeaa communication with the interior of the cylinder, and an exhaust-passage 84, for the cylinder, fitted with an exhaust-vlve"L 85 having a stem 86. In the Chamber or cylinder 83 is a plunger 87 exposed to the pressure in the main cylinder and having a sterny 88.

89 is a slotted extension ofthe cylinder 83 containing a biurcated sliding plug 90.

m Gonfinedbetweenthe inner end of the plug 90 and the piston 87 is av regulating spriig 91. 92 is a swinging contact-lever pivot at 93 and extending through the bifurcated parts of-` the cylinder-extension89 and plug 1.5, 90. A.- spring 94 in the sliding-plug tends normally to maintain the lever 92 against the end of the stem 88. Between its ends the lever 92 has a lug-portion 95 land at its lower end it is bifurcated to receive the 2o' stem 72, being engagedby a sliding springpressed collar 96 on the said stem. Ful- :crumed between its ends in the bok 82 is a `gllever 97 contacting at the end of its long arm with the end of the stem 72. The end of the motor-shaft, in an extension 98-of the v pump-casing 12, is geared through a wormor other gearing with a shaft 99 carrying a bevel-pinion 100. v

101 is a shaft carrying 'a loose sleeve `and clutch-member 102 provided with a bevelgea 103 which is engaged and constantly driven bythe shaft 99 through the bevelgear 100. On the end ofy the shaft 101 within the box 82 'is a head 104- havingan annu- 1 lar cam-face 105 bearing against the stem 86` of the exhaust-valve, andan annular camface 106 engaging the short arm of the lever f 97 Feathered upon the shaft 101 is a sliding clutch-member 107 equipped with a cam- 40. head 108. y

.109 is an operating-handle or lever fulcrumedatI 110 (Fig. 1). The lever 109 extends through a quadrant 111 and is eqpipped with a handle-grip112 operating a catch to engage a notch in the quadrant. On the lever 109 near its upper end is a lug 113 contacting with a plunger 114 'movable'A through a guide in the-box 82 to engage th" end ofthe plunger 9 0 therein.

121 is a bell-crank lever fulcrumed against` the side of the cylinder 15 and provided at one end wit-h a hook 115 to engage the cam 108 and a cam-lug 116 engagingthe top ofthe handle or liever 109. The other end of the bell-crank devel' carries a spring-plunger 117 to engagethe clutch-member-107.

One part ,of the operating handle 56 is curved to correspond with the are of a circle drawn from the fulcrum 110 .czj'ithe lever or handle 109, and the latter tilting its,l lower end describes the segment of a-circle," from the fulcrum 57 of the lever andle 56. The two operating levers 56,'109 arev coincidently notched, as indicated in Fig. 2,

f so that when one is in normal posit-ion the at its lower end in the direction to the left i in Fig. 1, causing the upper end of the lever to turn the bell-crank lever 121 and slide along thehunder surface of the lug 116. This swinging of the bell-crank lever turns its hook-portion 115 out of engagement with the cam 108 and causes the arm at the yielding plunger 117 to slide the clutch-member 107 into engagement with the clutch-member 102. This causes the shaft 101 to .be rotated at comparatively slow speed by the 'shaft 99. Int-he movement-described of the lever 109 the lug, or linger, 113 carried thereby, presses the plunger 114 against the plunger 90. Initial turning of the shaft 101 causes the cam-face 106 carried by the head l104 tov swing the lever 97 and thrust the stem 72, to open the inlet-valve 71 from thecarbureter. The plunger is pressed against the spring 91 and the degree of coni.- pression of the` said spring depends upon the distance to which the lever 109 is swung in that direction by the operator. The mixture drawn in by the compressor is discharged therefrom through the chamber or passage 65 and valve 73 against the piston 16, moving the latter against the resistance of the air 'from the cylinder 75 along the plunger 17 until stopped thereby. The chamber 83, as aforesaid, is in open communication .with the cylinder 15, and when the pressure of explosive mixture in the cylinder against the pist-on'l and consequently in the chamber 83 against the piston 87 lis suiiicient to overcome the resistance of the spring 91, the stem 88 isvmoved to swing' the lever 92 to cause its lug portion 95 to move the spring plunger terminal 118 of an electrical contact device. The said Vcontact device is in circuit with a spark-plug 119 in `jjthe cylinder, the same being al shunt-circuit from the motor-circuit wires 120.

The operation, when the lug moves the plunger Contact 118, is to produce an electric spark in theV cylinder to ignite the charge, all in a common manner. The eX- plosion drives the piston 16 in the direction in the left in F ig. 10, thereby exerting a blow through the plunger 17 against the oil-column, which is exerted against the piston 28 and transmitted through the hammer It will be noted that the springs 30, which are capable ot' upholding the hammer 25 and attendant parts without material compression, will yield under the blow exerted through the oil-column. Following thel explosion the operator moves the handle 109 back to normal position, thereby releasing the bell-crank lever 121 and causing the bustion cylinder. Every time the lever 109 is movedy from normal position, as described,

' a blow will be struck, or pressure will be exerted, through the oil-column against the piston V28 and the work, and a plurality of blows maybe thus exerted against the work without changing the location of the-hammer, through the medium ofthe lever 56 vand attendant parts. The hammer, however, may be raised and lowered with reference to the work at any time, while the lever 109 is in normal position, at which time, as exlained, the internal combustion' mechanism is out of operation. As the strength of each blow depends indirectly upon the degree of compression of the explosive mixture previous to the explosion, the operator may increase or diminish the force of the blows by the extent of movement he gives to the lever 109, and consequently the amount of tension he-givcs to the spring 91. When the Workperforming member 25 rests against the work on the anvil, its travel, under kthe force of an explosion, in each instance, will, of course, be but slight; but the areas of the pistons 16 and 28 are so great with reference to that of the liquid-displacing plunger 17, that the travel of the piston 16 exceeds many times that of the piston 28, with proportionate increase in the transmitted pressure.

While we have shown and described our improvements, as we prefer to embody them in a forging machine, they may, in the same or modified form, be applied to power pressesconstructed for purposes otherthan t-he forging of metals, such, for example, as die-operating,punching, shearing, briquetmg, and pressmg machinesV generally. It is quite common practice, Where pistons and cylinders` `are employed, to canse either or both to be movable one with relation to the other and-constitute or carry the movable work-performing members of the machines; therefore, although in the present machine both the internal combustion and hydraulic cylinders are stationary and the, pistons therein movable, we wish the claims to include, as an equivalent, a construction wherein a cylinder' is movable with reference to its piston to actuate the wOrk-performing member, should such modification be deemed desirable. j

that We claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent. is

Vlgln a machine of the character described, the combination of a hydraulic cylinder, a confined liquid column communicating therewith, a piston in said cylinder, a work-performing member operated by said piston, and an internal combustion powergenerator having a cylinder, a plunger, a piston connected with the said lunger and having limited independent motion with relation thereto, the iston operating, under the force of an exposion in the generator cylinder, to force the plunger against the said column to actuate the work-performing member, and means for returning the piston to scavenge the cylinder.

2. In 'a machine of the character described, the combination of a hydraulic cylinder, a coniined liquid column communicating therewith, a piston in said cylinder, a. work-performing member operated by said piston, an internal combustionpowergenerator having a cylinder and a piston operating against the said column, under the force of an explosion in the generator cylinder, to actuate the work-performing member, and means for moving said hydraulic cylinder-piston to position the workperforming member away from and toward the work, said means being independent, for its control, from said generator.

p 3. In sa machine of the character described, the combination of a hydraulic cylinder, a confined liquid-column communieating therewith, a piston in said cylinder, a work-performing member operated by said piston, an internal combustion powergenerator having a cylinder and a piston operating against the said column, under the force of an explosion in the generatorcylinder, to actuat-e thework-performing member, `and Huid-pressure means for moving said hydraulic-cylinder-piston to p0-l -sition the work-performing member away from and toward the work, said means bing independent, for its control; from the said generator.

4. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a hydraulic cylinder, a confined liquid-column communicating therewith, apiston in said cylinder, a work-performing member operated by said piston, an internal combustion power-generator' having a cylinder and a piston operating against the said column, under the force of an explosion in the generator-cylinder, to actuate the work-performing member, and hydraulic means for moving said hydraulic-cylinder-piston to position the Work-pertorming` member away from and toward the work, said means being independent, for its control, from the said generator.

5.111 a ,machine of the character described, the combination of`an internal combastion power-generator having a cylinder and piston, a work-performing member operated by said piston, under the force of an explosion in said cylinder, and means for pisitioning the work-performing member against the work" prior to an ex losion in the cylinder, said means being in ependent, for its control, from said generator.

6. In a machine of the character described, the combination of an internal combustion generator having a cylinder and piston, forming parts movable one with rela'- tion to the other', a work-performing member operated from said moving part under the force ofan explosion in the cylinder, a compressed-explosive-mixture supplier for the cylinder, a charge-igniter, a cylinder exhaust-valve,.normally inactive ower-operated means governing the intro uction of explosive mixture into thecylinder and the; exinulst;1 thereof, and a lever movable to briigthe said power-operated means into action andv operating, by the extent ofits movement, to regulate the degree of compression of the mixture, in thecylinder, prior to the ignition thereof. v

7. In a machine df the character described, the combination of a hydraulic cylinder, a confined liquid-column communieating therewith, a piston in said cylinder, a work-performing member operated by said piston, fluid-pressure means for moving said,

hydraulic cylinder piston to position the )vork-performing member away from and towardtlie work, an operating lever movable :from nirmalwposltion to bring said fluid-.pressure means into action, an internal combustionl power-generator having a cylinder and a plston operating against the said liquid-column, normally-inactlve poweroperated means on the generator controlling the introduction of explosive mixture into the internal combustion cylinder, the i nit-ionfof the mixture and the exhaust a ter anexplosion, and a lever movable from normal position to bring said power-operated means into action. y

S. In a machine of the character d scribed, the combination of a hydraulic cylinder, a confined liquid-column communieating therewith, a piston in said cylinder,

.a work-performing member operated by said piston, fluid-pressure mea-ns for moving said hydraulic-cylinder-piston to positionl the work-performin member away from and toward the wor an operating lever movable from normal position to bring said lfluid-pressure means into action, an intern al combustion power-generator having a cylinder and a plston operating against the said liquid-column, normally-inactiye poweroperated means on the generator controlling the introduction of explosive mixture into theinternalcombustion cylinder, the ignition of the. mixture andv lthe exhaust after an explosion, a lever movable :from normal position to bring said power-operated means into action, said levers. interloclring with each other so that one can be moved only when the other is in normal position, substantially as set forth.

MORRIS o. WHITE. I

'OTHO C. 1-DURYEA.

In the presence of CHAS. E. GAY'LORD, RALPH SCHAEFER. 

